In ecology, the foundation species are species that have a strong role in structuring a community. A foundation species can occupy any trophic level in a food web. The term was coined by Paul K. Dayton in 1972, who applied it to certain members of marine invertebrate and algae communities. It was clear from studies in several locations that there were a small handful of species whose activities had a disproportionate effect on the rest of the marine community and they were therefore key to the resilience of the community. Dayton’s view was that focusing on foundation species would allow for a simplified approach to more rapidly understand how a community as a whole would react to disturbances, such as pollution, instead of attempting the extremely difficult task of tracking the responses of all community members simultaneously. The term has since been applied to a range of organisms in ecosystems around the world, in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Aaron Ellison et al. introduced the term to terrestrial ecology by applying the term foundation species to tree species that define and structure certain forest ecosystems through their influences on associated organisms and modulation of ecosystem processes.
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{"slip": { "id": 32, "advice": "Everything in moderation, including moderation itself."}}
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{"type":"standard","title":"VA-42 (U.S. Navy)","displaytitle":"VA-42 (U.S. Navy)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4817922","titles":{"canonical":"VA-42_(U.S._Navy)","normalized":"VA-42 (U.S. Navy)","display":"VA-42 (U.S. Navy)"},"pageid":7163844,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Attack_Squadron_42_%28VA-42%29_insignia_%28US_Navy%29.png","width":267,"height":216},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Attack_Squadron_42_%28VA-42%29_insignia_%28US_Navy%29.png","width":267,"height":216},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1285977451","tid":"0f1a61d5-1b19-11f0-9b10-e55b6575e108","timestamp":"2025-04-16T23:18:09Z","description":"Military unit","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VA-42_(U.S._Navy)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VA-42_(U.S._Navy)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VA-42_(U.S._Navy)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:VA-42_(U.S._Navy)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/VA-42_(U.S._Navy)","revisions":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/VA-42_(U.S._Navy)","edit":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/VA-42_(U.S._Navy)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:VA-42_(U.S._Navy)"}},"extract":"Attack Squadron 42 (VA-42) was a United States Navy attack squadron based at Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia. The squadron was established as Fighter Squadron 42 (VF-42) on 1 September 1950, redesignated as VA-42 on 1 November 1953 and disestablished on 30 September 1994.","extract_html":"
Attack Squadron 42 (VA-42) was a United States Navy attack squadron based at Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia. The squadron was established as Fighter Squadron 42 (VF-42) on 1 September 1950, redesignated as VA-42 on 1 November 1953 and disestablished on 30 September 1994.
"}